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Objective To explore abnormalities in functional connectivity of the affective network (AN) in relapse of major depressive disorder (MDD) after antidepressant treatment combined with resting state functional connectivity analysis.Methods Eleven recurrent MDD subjects after treatment,seventeen non recurrent MDD subjects after treatment and seventy-two healthy controls underwent fMRI scan.The amygdala,the pallidum,the insular cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex of the AN were selected as the template.Group independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to decompose the fMRI images into spatially independent components and the independent component which fit this template best was selected as AN.Two-sample t-tests were performed to investigate the changes in functional connectivity of the AN.Finally,the right amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex were defined as seed regions.Results Compared with healthy control subjects and non-recurrent MDD group,recurrent MDD group showed significantly increased functional connectivity in the right amygdala in AN(P＜0.001).Meanwhile,the functional connectivity between the right amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex was significantly decreased in recurrent MDD group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of the right amygdala after antidepressant treatment in MDD was found,suggesting that altered amygdala functional connectivity may serve as a predicator of relapse of the MDD.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of applying small private online course (SPOC) in the course of Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology to solve its problems in complicated knowledge points,abstract contents and difficulty in understanding.Methods The characteristics of the undergraduate students in the military medical university and SPOC mode were analyzed,and then the design and implementation of a SPOC-based Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology course were explored in the military medical university.Results By applying the SPOC into the teaching of Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology course,the student could find out the forgotten or leaked knowledge and reiterate them to reinforce the memory of those knowledge points,which promoted their self-regulation of learning.Besides,teaching the students with real cases not only increased the learner's enthusiasm but also strengthened the military medical background.The offline group discussion facilitated the students in understanding and application of knowledge.Conclusion Applying SPOC mode into PMIT teaching no doubt improves the effect and quality of teaching and learning.
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Objective To determine the three-dimensional (3D) texture features extracted from intensity and high-order derivative maps that could reflect textural differences between bladder tumors and wall tissues,in order to achieve bladder cancer and wall tissue identification.Methods A total of 62 cancerous and 62 wall volumes of interest (VOI) were extracted from T2-weighted MRI datasets of 62 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer.To reflect heterogeneous distribution of tumor tissues,3D high-order derivative maps (the gradient and curvature maps) were calculated from each VOI.Then 3D Haralick features based on intensity and high-order derivative maps and Tamura features based on intensity maps were extracted from each VOI.Statistical analysis was proposed to first select the features with significant differences and then obtain a more predictive and compact feature subset to verify its differentiation performance.Results From each VOI,a total of 58 texture features were derived.Among them,37 features showed significant inter-class differences (P≤ 0.01).Conclusion The results suggest that 3D texture features deriving from intensity and high-order derivative maps can reflect heterogeneous distribution of cancerous tissues.
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Objective To investigate the effect of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combining with Interferon α-2a on bladder tumor and the possible mechanisms. Methods Fifty female Wistar rats with bladder tumor were established and separated into 4 groups randomly that are DMSO group (A), IFN-α-2a group(B), ATRA group(C) and ATRA+IFN-α-2a group(D). Then each group was treated by drugs indicated. Finally, the weight of bladder, the stage and grade of tumor, the apoptosis and proliferation index of tumor were determined to estimate the effect of ATRA+IFN-α-2a. Results The body weights in group D are the highest and the bladder weights in group D are the lowest. The stages and grades of tumor in group D were statistically decreased compared with those in the other 3 groups. Accordingly, the apoptosis of cancer cells in group D was enhanced, whereas the proliferation index in group D was decreased significandy. Conclusion The effect of ATRA combined with Interferonα-2a on the bladder tumor is better than that of monotherapy.
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Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a cost-effective, widely-used diagnostic modality for the assessment of cardiac and cerebral functions. However, most SPECT protocols for clinical use support only qualitative reconstruction. Its lack of quantitative capability compromises the accurate evaluation of diseases. Quantitative SPECT by simultaneous compensation for different degradation factors is in great demand and should improve the diagnosis greatly. The variety of the existing SPECT algorithm can be split into a family of analytical methods and a wide class of iterative techniques. By reviewing the research work published in the past decades, this paper tries to make a state of arts and comprehensive outline of efficient, analytical solutions to SPECT reconstruction problem, which could compensate scatter, photon attenuation, and detector response, as well as suppression of Poisson noise, respectively.
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Humans , Algorithms , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
Objective To provide theoretical evidences for diagnosis of bladder neoplasm by using more information of imaging features. Methods MRI images of bladder neoplasm were collected for this research. The ROI (region of interest) area was selected manually,and noise reduction and sharpening were applied to the ROI area by using LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian) filter. The texture features of bladder neoplasm and normal bladder wall (smooth muscle),such as mean grey-level intensity,entropy,uniformity were calculated. A statistical analysis was made at last. Results The values of texture features were analyzed by t-test. Entropy and uniformity show significant differences between the two groups. But Mean grey-level intensity hasn't indicated this difference. Conclusion This texture features may be applied to decide the invasive depth of bladder neoplasm,it also means that the stage of bladder neoplasm may be fixed by this system.
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Objective:To study the effects of different collagen conc en tration on the proliferation of rat fibroblasts.Methods: Fibrobl asts of 1-2 days new born SD rat from back skin were isolated and seeded into D MEM containing ?=10% fetal boven serum and collagen at the concentration (mg/ml ) of 6.4,5.3and 4.0 respectively. The status and numbers of fibroblasts were observed under light microscope and analysized using ttest. Results : The general condition of fibroblasts in 6.4 mg/ml collagen was better than that in the other groups. The processes of the cells were apparent, simila r to the status of the cells in two-dimensional culture. Vacuoles and granules in cells were observed in 5.3 mg/ml collagen. In 4 mg/ml collagen, the processe s of fibroblasts disappeared; the nuclei were karyopyknosis or dissolved. Some c ells was likely to be apoptotic. The average cell number per 200? field of micr oscope in 6.4,5.3 and 4.0 mg/ml collagen was 25,15 and 6 respectively (P
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?Objective :To construct human skin with full thickness in vitro using tissue engineering techniques. Metheods: Epithelial cells and fibroblasts were isolated from the back skin of legally aborted human foetus. Fibroblasts were seeded into bovine type I collagen gel and cultured for 3 days. Epithelial cells were seeded on the surface of collagen gel and cultured for another 2 days, then the equivalent skin was exposed to air liquid interface to generate a protective cornified layer. 5 days later, equivalent skin was excised and observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results: Epithelium and dermis were observed in the equivalent skin,similar to those in normal human skin. Epithelium was made up of stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. The cells of different layers were connected with intercellular bridge. Horny pearl were also found in epithelium. Basement member was observed between epithelium and dermis. Epithelial spikes bristles of different length were existed in partial dermis. The results of TEM observation showed that desmosome existed between cells of different layer in epithelium. Conclusion: Human skin with full thickness can be tissue engineered with foetus back skin as the sources of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and bovine I type collagen as carrier.